tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-82042257677122905452024-03-05T14:24:14.267-08:00eNovation4DConsultants for Social Innovation, Social Enterprise with Digital Technologies
________________________________________ Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.comBlogger21125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204225767712290545.post-23211918288675425162015-10-03T03:25:00.004-07:002015-10-03T03:25:53.265-07:00A world forgotten by PayPal<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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'Give us the payment option or withdraw!' Olufemi Olaleye is one among 350 Nigerians who signed for in the online petition on PayPal. Amongst other countless online petitions in Change.org, 2285 Ghanians signed a similar petition called 'Enable PayPal in Ghana'. A Sri Lankan petition from the 'PayPal for Sri Lanka' movement has recently passed the mark 6200.</div>
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Millions of small and medium entrepreneurs (SMEs) worldwide engage in e-commerce activities. Online payment gateways are a fundamental component of their business. Convenience, cost effectiveness, security and flexibility has made PayPal a well-known online payment gateway. With 152 million active registered accounts in over 200 international markets, PayPal reports processing 9.3 million payments per day in 2014.</div>
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<img class="center" data-loading-tracked="true" height="441" src="https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/shrinknp_800_800/AAEAAQAAAAAAAALBAAAAJDk3YzU3NTYxLWQ2ZWItNGRkYS1iYjA1LTNlN2IwMWVlODk2NA.gif" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 30px auto; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" width="588" />PayPal is not available for any kind of eCommerce activity in twenty UN member countries including countries such as Bangladesh, Ghana, Pakistan as well as the six countries that are under United States trade embargo (Cuba, D.P.R of Korea, Iran, Myanmar, Sudan and Syrian Arab Republic).</div>
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<strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The barriers for SMEs using PayPal</strong></div>
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Even among other 173 UN member countries, there are numerous barriers to using PayPal. To understand those barriers one has to look at the way PayPal bundles its key services of:</div>
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<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sending and receiving money</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Paying with a PayPal account, Bank Account or Credit or Debit card account</li>
<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shopping online.</li>
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These services are packaged into three different account types: ‘Personal Account’, ‘Premier Account’ and ‘Business Account’. Among them the Business Account is the most appropriate for on-line merchants. PayPal’s’ business account facility is open to only 73 UN member States. (i.e. this facility is not available for 120 UN member State countries).</div>
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With a Premier Account, it is possible to receive money from online transactions (Credit card / Debit card) by selling on-line. This is designed for individuals who are not in full-time business operations. This service is available only in 90 UN member States. In other words, this PayPal service is not available for 103 UN member state countries. </div>
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The most widely available account is the ‘Personal Account’. It enables the sending of money online and buying online, and is available to 173 UN member States. Hence the majority of developing countries can only use PayPal to send money or buy online. </div>
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Millions of small entrepreneurs around the world are left helpless in their efforts to sell online.</div>
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<em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Note: This issue is broadly discussed and documented in the </em><em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Information Economy Report</em><em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">, (IER) 2015, published by </em><em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">UNCTAD</em><em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">. </em><em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">eNovation4D</em><em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> was responsible for initially bringing this issue to the attention of UNCTAD and subsequently contributed to IER 2015. <a href="http://bitly.com/enovation4d-ecommerce" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #8c68cb; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Download the free Research paper</a> titled 'Forgotten Nations by eCommerce Giants'. </em></div>
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[1] It should be noted that PayPal’s list of ‘countries’ includes many non-UN member States, such as Vatican City, British Virgin Islands, Hong Kong (China) and Taiwan (China).</div>
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[2] PayPal account types, by PayPal. 18th Sept, 2014. https://www.paypal.com/us/webapps/helpcenter/helphub/article/?solutionId=FAQ2347</div>
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[3] PayPal: Welcome to the Press Centre; 8th Sept, 2014. <a href="https://www.paypal-media.com/about" rel="nofollow" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #8c68cb; font-family: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">https://www.paypal-media.com/about</a></div>
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Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204225767712290545.post-75977854273688679082014-08-26T09:38:00.000-07:002014-08-26T09:46:04.111-07:00Jobs via SMS to post-war communities in Sri Lanka<div id="social-actions-header" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 10px 20px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
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'I have received 50 SMS messages. Each SMS gives me a new hope every day! I am sure now I have a bigger chance to have a better job!' - Yogeswaran was already employed in a local NGO. But he wants to find a better job with higher payment and closer to his home.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Post-war community</strong></h4>
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Yogeswaran is one of 1050 job seekers registered to the <a href="http://jobhubsl.com/" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #7b539d; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">JobHub</a>, the ICT based job service explicitly serving a unique population of young unemployed (& under-employed) in Northern Province of Sri Lanka. Unique because these youth were the victims of a 30 year long ethnic conflict; they were born in a war environment, grew through refugee camps and battle grounds, some of them were ex-combatants still going through rehabilitation programmes. Under the post-war reconstruction efforts, since 2009, they are being given vocational skills and educational opportunities by the state and the development actors such as CARE International.</div>
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'None of them like commuting to distant places for job opportunities, leaving their families behind'. Career Guidance Officer (S. Veerasuthakaran) at Zonal Education Office (Kilinochchi), explained about insecurity and mental scars of the ethnic conflict that are still occupied in their small minds.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">SMS & Mobile phone - the magic</strong></h4>
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Nevertheless, every body has a mobile phone. Apart from communication, for many it is a means of entertainment; listening to music, learning about news and gossip. Given they are very basic hand sets, SMS is the best technology to work with. Though weak mobile signals fade away when they reach remote villages, some times 20 km away from the town, sooner they reach a signal zone, phone reconnects, message lands in the phone.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">New interviews - more jobs</strong></h4>
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Using '<a href="http://www.frontlinesms.com/" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #7b539d; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Frontline SMS</a>' as the platform, <a href="http://fusion.lk/" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #7b539d; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Sarvodaya-Fusion</a> has launched the project as a pilot trial only 4 months ago (April, 2014) with the support of <a href="http://www.care.org/country/sri-lanka" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #7b539d; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">CARE International Sri Lanka</a>. Since then project has gained an unexpected traction. Over 7000 text messages generated 100 new interviews to the local youth. 'I have applied to the job when I saw the SMS text in my friends phone, and it is amazing that now I am employed'. Kadiragamar Kaleimagan is one of the 20 employed youth who have received SMS messages just from their friends in the local village. (See the trends in the illustration).<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEigIp2m9EmHu3ftMjxqlxf-3LUxK9Go_gcDcUk_Zj3ZTgWNov3wqq7PxL9ToykU5xcTHHBOMGNGHw9NDnYmxC-bKtlv2gokZfEA0V2wJwCN0Uqap_X9KAxdaSd32jq0XPkOQ6TZ1xuXgW5GX8LluYUjVq1XZ6AX1zYmbnpHaA=" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" class="left" src="http://m.c.lnkd.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/p/4/005/080/1c7/2bf8d9f.bin" height="360" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 606px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="640" /></a></div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 18px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Employers are excited</strong></h4>
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'If I post the vacancy in a local newspaper, I will get about 100 applications. Have to wait about 2 - 3 weeks, and then short listing, calling and too much trouble to find the right individual. But with <a href="http://jobhubsl.com/" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #7b539d; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">JobHub</a> I got four applicants within days after posting the job and I have recruited one. It is very convenient for me' - Thamil was the founder and manager of the leading guest house (<a href="http://www.solaivanam.lk/" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #7b539d; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Solaivanam</a>) in the area. Many SME owners like Thamil has contributed to the 240 job vacancies posted over last three months. In a battered area which is just emerging from rubble to experience early life of modern market-economics, 240 jobs is a big number.<br />
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<a href="http://jobhubsl.com/" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #7b539d; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">JobHub</a> is implemented by <a href="http://fusion.lk/" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #7b539d; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Sarvodaya-Fusion</a> with the sponsorship of <a href="http://www.care.org/country/sri-lanka" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #7b539d; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">CARE International in Sri Lanka.</a></div>
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<a href="https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/p/4/005/070/2c1/37ce22d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" class="left" height="480" src="https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/p/4/005/070/2c1/37ce22d.jpg" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-top: 0px; max-width: 606px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" width="640" /></a><strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Apps are magical even at BOP</strong></div>
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'Huh - Google Map is magical', 'I found a new route to the market', the BOP users took only hours to master the Apps, when low cost Huawei Andriod Tabs were introduced as a shared device, at Android Hubs by<a href="https://www.facebook.com/sarvodaya.fusion" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #7b539d; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Sarvodaya-Fusion</a>. More importantly it was their house wives who has mastered the Apps first.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Local language Apps</strong></div>
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'Bhasha Puwath'; the local language news app created by then university student, (who has subsequently set up a startup company <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/developer?id=Bhasha+Lanka+(Pvt)+Ltd&hl=en_GB" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #7b539d; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Bhasha Lanka Pvt Ltd</a>), has been more popular than Facebook, among the 10 Android Hubs. The promise of local app developers becoming local App market champions seems plausible.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Local eco-system approach</strong></div>
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All these were enabled by the eco-system centric approach made by Etisalat (third biggest telco) in Sri Lanka. In a context where global app markets (Google Play) and online payment gateways (PayPal) are malfunctional in Sri Lanka, Etisalat as a third party created an exclusive platform for the 21mn population of emerging economy at US$ 5000 GDP per capita.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<a href="http://fusion.lk/" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #7b539d; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Sarvodaya Fusion</a> executed Android Hubs under the sponsorship of <a href="http://www.etisalat.lk/" rel="nofollow" style="border: 0px; color: #7b539d; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">Etisalat</a>, where the focus was to engage rural BOP market with digital technologies. Over 11,000 people from 10 rural communities have been <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Educated</strong> and <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Engaged</strong> to <strong style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 15px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Interact</strong> with Digital technologies, fulfilling the mission of e-Empowerment!</div>
Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204225767712290545.post-73115946923540935442014-07-04T01:17:00.002-07:002014-07-04T01:44:42.373-07:00SmartPhone is the telecentre in 2014In mid 1990s, when we had introduced telecentres, 'the rural poor communities - got excited to touch the PCs' for the first time in their life. But, telecentres failed to attract them again and again, as PCs were still complicated to their simple lives defined by illiteracy, low income (below $2 / day) and low infrastructure (unstable electricity etc.). Then came mobile phone and now we are with Android Tabs; 'huh - Google Map is great' - they can now connect with the technology. The device is simple enough to understand, intuitive enough to operate - no need to push too many buttons. It is just a touch (of the screen icon) and it unfolds...something that can connect with their simple imagination'<br />
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With over 10 rural communities <a href="http://fusionsmartvillage.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">Sarvodaya-Fusion</a> has experimented introducing Android devices as shared devices to leverage the on-going development programs such as micro-finance. This video captures a story how single SmartPhone could transform the lives of one village community in Sri Lanka.<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/m07VJ30uf00" width="560"></iframe>Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204225767712290545.post-57076543566304368342013-08-13T06:50:00.002-07:002014-05-06T06:08:11.837-07:00Is the global digital divide still widening?: glitches in the mobile dream<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Three <a href="http://mobithinking.com/mobile-marketing-tools/latest-mobile-stats/a#subscribers" target="_blank">billion unique mobile subscribers</a>? Yes, it is a huge number.
To learn that another mobile SIM is activated every passing second around the
world is overwhelming. And today mobile technology is the easiest entry point
to the internet too. Looking at this<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>ICT
uptake</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>we tend to believe that
the digital divide - the gap in access to digital opportunities between the
rich and the poor - is a matter of history. The actual picture behind these
numbers is rather different.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mobile is not universal - that is a painful reality in the age of
4th generation technology (4G), apps and smart devices.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Across Africa, the Pacific, the Caribbean and South Asia, the new
digital divide experienced at the ‘bottom of the pyramid’ has multiple guises -
in terms of signal coverage, technology and policy environments.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">A <i>Coverage</i> divide: </span><a href="http://www.nokia.com/global/about-nokia/people-and-planet/emf-health/mobile-communications/how-mobile-communications-work/" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mobile communication</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">relies on radio waves that are transmitted
through transmission towers. Networks of these towers (base stations) enable
the voice and data transfer of mobile phones. A variety of factors - such as
demand, landscape, politics, community pressure, as well as investment issues -
decide the geographical positioning of the towers. In rural Africa the running
cost of a tower (40% of which is the fuel bill) often exceeds the potential revenue, according
to<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/31/us-africa-telecoms-idUSBRE90U0MK20130131" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">telecom sources</span></a><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">. There is a shortage of about 60,000 towers in Africa to meet the
needs and demand of the various populations. In this context one may have a mobile
phone with a SIM card (that is counted in those billions), yet this may be almost
equivalent to a dead piece of plastic in the absence of a mobile signal.</span></div>
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<div align="right" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">People climb on trees to access the mobile
network, and that is the only way to use mobile phones in some parts of Sierra
Leone -<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i><a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/31/us-africa-telecoms-idUSBRE90U0MK20130131" target="_blank"><i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Reuters</span></i></a><i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">, 2013.</span></i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">A <i>Technology</i> divide:
While telecommunications advances into third generation (3G) and even fourth
generation (4G) mobile communication standards, the majority of the population
(80% according to<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="https://gsmaintelligence.com/analysis/2013/07/mobile-technology-lifecycle-the-future-of-2g-networks/395/" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">GSMA Intelligence</span></a><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">) in developing countries is still living with second
generation (2G) signal coverage. This limits the capabilities of mobile phones
to accessing only voice and text messages. Furthermore, many of the world's
poor are using basic 'feature phones' that do not have capabilities such as
access to broadband, touchscreens, or high storage capacities. In other words, the
poor have to limit their mobile phones to accessing only voice and text
messages, while the rest of the world enjoys high-speed broadband, cloud
computing and high definition mobile-TV.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="right" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: right;">
<i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mobile phone is the first entry point to the
internet for the majority poor and it falls short compared to PC-based internet
access, and the ability to bridge the digital divide: New America Foundation,
2012. </span></i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://oti.newamerica.net/sites/newamerica.net/files/policydocs/MobileLeapfrogging_Final.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">Mobile leap frogging and digital divide</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;"> policy</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, Napoli P & Obar J </span><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">A <i>Policy</i> divide: Does every developing
country have a national ICT policy? No! Indeed it is difficult to accept the
fact there are nations such as Nauru, and the Solomon Islands, who do not have
a national ICT policy. And in some countries such as<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/21/us-myanmar-telecoms-idUSBRE90K01Y20130121" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Myanmar</span></a><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">, and Burundi, ICT policies are in draft form but not yet adopted.
Even if adopted, how comprehensive are these policies? Most of them are
focused on one sector such as eGovernance, whereas agriculture, commerce and
currency have not even been considered yet. Without effective national policies
how can change happen on a national scale? In this context, in some countries
there are no responsible government authorities to address the issues related
to ICTs, investments, trading etc, whereas in some others there is no coordination
mechanism in place to work between responsible authorities (for instance
between ICT and Agriculture).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Mobile SIM is out of reach for many of the
48mn population in Myanmar. SIM costs
over US$100, mobile penetration is as low as 5-10%,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i><a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/21/us-myanmar-telecoms-idUSBRE90K01Y20130121" target="_blank"><i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Reuters</span></i></a><i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">, 2013.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">According to ITU's
report titled '</span><a href="http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/ind/D-IND-ICTOI-2012-SUM-PDF-E.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">Measuring the information society</span></a><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">' (2012), if it is measured in terms of
kbits per capita, the digital divide between the developed and developing world
has increased to the ratio<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8204225767712290545" name="_GoBack"></a> of 12:1. And this gap has widened
over the last decade. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="400" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" mozallowfullscreen="" scrolling="no" src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/25132761" style="border-width: 1px 1px 0; border: 1px solid #CCC; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 476px;" webkitallowfullscreen="" width="100%"></iframe><br /></div>
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Blog by Harsha Liyanage & Philip Edge<span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><br />
<br />Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204225767712290545.post-5098350677569849202013-06-04T11:03:00.001-07:002013-06-05T07:16:45.350-07:00Smart Devices to poor communities! Too early?<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">We
all know </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_device" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #1155cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Smart
Devices</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"> have
now </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><a href="http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/smartphone-sales-exceed-those-of-pcs-for-first-time-apple-smashes-record/" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #1155cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> surpassed PCs</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"> in the global marketplace. But how relevant is
that progress to the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_of_the_pyramid" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #1155cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bottom
of the Pyramid</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"> communities?
Are they ready to take up Smart Devices? Will they impact positively on their
livelihoods? How sustainable (and scalable) are they?</span></div>
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We have gathered encouraging evidence from Sri Lanka to answer many questions
and test underlying assumptions (if you are an optimist, as we are).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Are the BOP communities ready to take up smart
devices?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh87OL-TqJeiMmZEJMYDRQIlLru_2ab_4keF2CB4KN-9VhU0Xy-_9m2Ow5zu2304nhqd6340rHZZxgk6DlmKZG0YcTim7B5E3CNLuveFqHzsf2HPET_RfJMP-2fILGsPzWrf27F877KMbE/s1600/Smart+Village.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh87OL-TqJeiMmZEJMYDRQIlLru_2ab_4keF2CB4KN-9VhU0Xy-_9m2Ow5zu2304nhqd6340rHZZxgk6DlmKZG0YcTim7B5E3CNLuveFqHzsf2HPET_RfJMP-2fILGsPzWrf27F877KMbE/s320/Smart+Village.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">There
are two very interesting projects progressing in this area in Sri Lanka: </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><a href="http://fusionsmartvillage.blogspot.co.uk/" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #1155cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Smart
Villages </span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">and </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif";"><a href="http://fusionavh.blogspot.co.uk/" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #1155cc; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Android Village Hubs</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">, both implemented by Sarvodaya-Fusion since 2011.
Both projects have been introducing smart devices (Android Smartphones and
Tablets) to about 15 rural communities in five districts as community-owned,
shared devices.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">With
training kept as simple as providing basic instructions on how to operate
the devices, plus some instruction about social media, the project team
reports: 'a magical connection sparks on-the-spot' which fuels collective
engagement, and unleashes creativity and enthusiasm. Udara Dharmasena, the
project manager, reports that the best evidence of their excitement with
these devices is the remarkable change of language from “who will support us?”
to “how can we buy these?”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">What impact does it generate?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">We
have observed the impact in terms of diversity, scale and speed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Diversity of impact<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">School
children (below age 13) have identified Android Apps (Google Sky Map and Star
Chart App) to stargaze for their school projects. Teachers at pre-schools
started using Smartphones to teach English language in rural locations.
Micro-entrepreneurs have used Smartphone devices to market their handicrafts
through Facebook. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Scale of impact<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Over
15 rural local language bloggers sprung out of the project, writing about
diverse issues from personal affection to local governance. <a href="http://fusion.lk/?p=408" target="_blank">Citizen Journalism</a> has been identified by the
project team as a new topic on which to provide additional training to
facilitate these bloggers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Social
media marketing, using Facebook as a tool, has become a trend among
Enterprise Promotion Officers where they sell cattle, passion-fruit, even
compost and many other local products of micro-entrepreneurs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Emerging
market linkages are diverse, from the business community in the capital
(Colombo) to the Facebook community in-country and beyond, as far as expats
living in the USA. The most eye-catching outcome has happened in a community
where coir-brush production (micro-enterprise), has increased from
210 units to 1million unites as a collective community response to new market
demand triggered by this project initiative. (Watch the <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m07VJ30uf00" target="_blank"><span style="color: #1155cc;">youtube video</span></a>). <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Speed of impact<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8204225767712290545" name="_GoBack"></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Benchmarking
with the impact of the telecentres that Fusion first introduced in 1997 in Sri
Lanka, this current impact is significantly faster. It took more than 2 years
to involve the first village youth group to engage with the first ever
telecentre established in the country at Kahawatta, Rathnapura District, in 1997.
With Smart Devices it took only about 3 months to generate an impact even on a
much broader scale.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">How sustainable (scalable) is this?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">A
recent study* on the emerging ecosystem of Smart Devices illustrates early
signs of scalability.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Low cost Chinese handsets such as Huawei, combined with competitive broadband
packages offered by mobile operators, improve affordability. Prices of the
Android phone handsets have fallen since their initial introduction </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">price from US$430 to US$118.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Though the app market is still a small one <i>in Sri Lanka</i>, it is
growing quickly. SETT Singhala/Tamil Web Browser (an Android App)
developed in Sri Lanka and targeting local communities enables web browsing in
the local language. Before this app, a year ago, people who were not English
literate could not even think of interacting with these devices. There are
now over 50,000 downloads of this app recorded at the Android market (Google
Play).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">As
demonstrated in previous blog (<a href="android: emerging eco-system and business models" target="_blank">Android: emerging eco-system and business models</a>)</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">, there is a unique Android ecosystem emerging in
Sri Lanka. It has a diversity of partners to build content material, a business case to
sustain the process, and focus to serve a local need. This ecosystem has
enabled Social Enterprises and start-up app developers to work together. And
more importantly they focus on domestic needs.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Table: Popular Android apps developed by Sri
Lankan App developers <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sinhala Dictionary Offline<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 161.5pt;" width="215"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sachith Dassanayake<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 103.75pt;" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: x-small;">100,000 -500,000</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.3pt;" width="38"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.4pt;" width="219"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SETT Sinhala/Tamil web browser<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 161.5pt;" width="215"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bhasha Lanka (Pvt) Ltd<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 103.75pt;" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: x-small;">50,000
- 100,000</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.3pt;" width="38"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.4pt;" width="219"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sinhala Tamil English Lexicon<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 161.5pt;" width="215"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sachith Dassanayake<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 103.75pt;" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: x-small;">50,000
- 100,000</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.3pt;" width="38"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.4pt;" width="219"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Omi, The card game in Sinhala<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 161.5pt;" width="215"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sri Droiders<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 103.75pt;" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: x-small;">50,000
- 100,000</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.3pt;" width="38"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.4pt;" width="219"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bhasha Sinhala Dictionary<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 161.5pt;" width="215"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bhasha Lanka (Pvt) Ltd<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 103.75pt;" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: x-small;">10,000
- 50,000</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.3pt;" width="38"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.4pt;" width="219"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Helakuru Sinhala Keyboard+IME<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 161.5pt;" width="215"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bhasha Lanka (Pvt) Ltd<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 103.75pt;" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: x-small;">10,000
- 50,000</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.3pt;" width="38"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.4pt;" width="219"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Siyalu sinhala web browser<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 161.5pt;" width="215"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">pahans<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 103.75pt;" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: x-small;">10,000
- 50,000</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.3pt;" width="38"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.4pt;" width="219"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sri Lanka Lottery Results<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 161.5pt;" width="215"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chandima Kalansooriya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 103.75pt;" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: x-small;">10,000
- 50,000</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.3pt;" width="38"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.4pt;" width="219"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AXLO Sri Lanka<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 161.5pt;" width="215"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4 Axis Solutions (Pvt) Ltd<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 103.75pt;" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: x-small;">10,000
- 50,000</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 20.6pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.3pt;" width="38"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 164.4pt;" width="219"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sri Lanka Train Schedule<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 161.5pt;" width="215"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ICTA Sri Lanka<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #D9D9D9 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 20.6pt; mso-border-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: background1; mso-border-bottom-themeshade: 217; mso-border-left-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: background1; mso-border-left-themeshade: 217; mso-border-right-themecolor: background1; mso-border-right-themeshade: 217; mso-border-themecolor: background1; mso-border-themeshade: 217; mso-border-top-alt: solid #D9D9D9 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: background1; mso-border-top-themeshade: 217; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 103.75pt;" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: x-small;">10,000
- 50,000</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Source: Google Play, May, 2013<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Challenges<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">This optimism has its own challenges in scaling up the process. Infrastructure
limitations such as 2G vs 3G coverage, the limitations of the low cost Smart
Devices (e.g. battery capacity), and the limitations of apps themselves, are
some challenges to note. Some policy issues, such as <a href="http://enovation4d.blogspot.co.uk/2013/03/googles-android-dis-empowering-poor.html" target="_blank">online payment gateways</a>,
continue to strain the market opportunities created by the ecosystem.
Nevertheless, on balance, it provides more hope for the rural disadvantaged
communities to enjoy the benefits of this rapidly advancing mobile landscape.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(* Please refer to the country case study Sri
Lanka: published in <a href="http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ier2012_en.pdf" target="_blank">Information Economy Report 2012</a>, UNCTAD, p45). <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Blog by: Harsha Liyanage, Philip Edge & Udara Dharmasena (Sarvodaya-Fusion)</span></div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: times;">
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Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204225767712290545.post-31112029794465053752013-03-29T13:47:00.000-07:002013-04-01T12:05:27.479-07:00Google's Android, dis-empowering the poor?<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Yes, like most of you I love my iPad. At the same time I have promoted
Google's<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)">Android</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>since its early days. Simply, it fits
better for the target group we serve most - the Bottom of the Pyramid. But, are
we being misled in our optimism about Google Android? We have spent considerable
time addressing this question and now share with you our concerns.<br />It is
obviously exciting to see the potential to '<a href="http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/article488937.ece">empower the poor</a>' in terms of: a) developing country app developers can
earn a reasonable income by selling Apps in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Play">Google
Play</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(formerly
Android Market), and; b) the apps developed by these developers serve a purpose
that is more relevant to the local community.</span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br />Recently, an <b>inspiring story of one rural youth</b> in Sri Lanka
developed: his product was a local language browser app (<a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=lk.bhasha.sett&feature=search_result#?t=W251bGwsMSwxLDEsImxrLmJoYXNoYS5zZXR0Il0.">SETT Browser</a>) that enables web browsing in local languages. It has been
downloaded more than 50,000 times from the Google Play. Before its
introduction, people who were not literate in English had difficulties in reading
content (blogs, newspapers) that was in local languages. The developer of
the app (<a href="http://dhanikauom.blogspot.com/">Dhanika Perera</a>) has since January 2011 developed another six
apps for the Google Play, and has set up a company (<a href="http://www.bhasha.lk/">Bhasha Ltd.</a>). </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b>But how scalable is the promise?</b></span></h4>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Our research into four developing countries (Kenya, Rwanda,
Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka) illustrated an interesting pattern. In terms of
'relevance' (i.e. in the local, country, context) the majority of the top ten
apps are produced by local app developers. Yet in terms of 'popularity'
(i.e. number of downloads), almost all the top ten apps are developed by
outsiders (mostly from developed countries). In Sri Lanka, none of the leading apps
of the 10 most popular ones were developed by locals. They were products from
developed countries such as France, Germany, Sweden and Japan.<br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Why is this? <b>Are the developing country app developers not capable?</b></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">,
or is there some other issue at play? </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br />There is a significant population of freelance coders in
developing countries who feed into the crowd-sourcing platforms.
According to the <a href="https://www.odesk.com/blog/2012/07/visualizations-of-odesk-oconomy/" target="_blank">oConomy</a> report, in 2012 freelance coders in Bangladesh contributed
1.3million projects to oDesk, with 3.5million from the Philippines.
(Data from <a href="http://research.odesk.com/visualizations/country-dashboard/#/compare">oDesk</a>).<br /></span><br />
<h4>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Major problem</span></h4>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">One </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">major problem</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> we found, which might help to explain these
disparities, was related to online payment gateways. The developing country app
developers do not have the same privileges as their counterparts in developed countries to carry out transactions in the online marketplace. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br />* <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Play">Google
Play</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>supports
the sale of paid-for apps in only <a href="http://support.google.com/googleplay/android-developer/answer/150324?hl=en&ref_topic=15867">32 countries</a>. Google<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://support.google.com/googleplay/android-developer/answer/150324?hl=en&ref_topic=15867">says</a>, '<i>If you are not located in any of the countries listed, or do
not own the required bank account for receiving payments, Google may not be
able to pay for the sales in that account by any other means</i>'. <br />This situation denies opportunities for aspiring app developers in
the majority of developing countries (see the online discussions of shared
pain by developing country app developers <a href="http://evilzone.org/android/google-play-does-not-support-my-country-for-payments/">here</a>). App developers in many countries such as Pakistan,
Slovakia, Kenya, and Sri Lanka are struggling to find solutions. (See more
evidence <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15296453/sell-android-apps">link</a>, <a href="http://indi.ca/2012/03/why-sri-lanka-doesnt-have-paypal/">indi</a> )
. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br />* Most familiar online payment gateways such as PayPal are
operating in many developing countries only for the outward payments, not
allowing inward remittances. For instance, a small online
residential trader in Sri Lanka cannot earn due transactions via a direct
PayPal account. About 80 countries including Rwanda, Uganda and Nepal, cannot
receive USD transactions via PayPal (see evidence in <a href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_display-approved-signup-countries-outside">Paypal link</a> enabled countries, and this <a href="https://sea.battle.net/support/en/article/paypal-faq">link</a> for the not-enabled ones).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<h4>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Negative outcomes</span></h4>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Some developers <a href="http://www.thinkzpace.com/2012/10/how-to-receive-money-through-paypal-to.html">work around this problem</a> by setting up accounts in different
countries, and working through local banks, and so on. But that increases their
costs and kills their competitive edge. This situation increases the risks
of them <a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=8204225767712290545" name="_GoBack"></a>using methods that are not quite legal, or of
losing their business transactions. It seems that, often, developing country
app developers are being exploited by the larger companies. <br />(Read <a href="http://www.change.org/en-GB/petitions/enable-receiving-money-to-sri-lanka-through-paypal">online petition</a> by the online community).<br />This is surely a major issue that stands in the way of developing
country entrepreneurs bringing success
to themselves and their communities.<br />(p.s. Our research into India and Malaysia Google app markets shows
some new insights into possible options. We may share those insights in due
course).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<h4>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Additiona</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;">l </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">reading:<span style="font-size: x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.academypublisher.com/proc/wisa09/papers/wisa09p46.pdf">Online payment and security of e-commerce</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.londonmet.ac.uk/fms/MRSite/acad/dass/ISJ%20Journal/V3N1/03_Barriers%20to%20E-commerce%20in%20developing%20countries_Lawrence&Tar.pdf">Barriers to ecommerce in developing countries</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.diplomacy.edu/sites/default/files/IG2007_E_Commerce.pdf">Promoting e-Commerce in developing countries</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(see p12)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/3710/1/The_reality_of_e-commerce_with_developing_countries.pdf">Reality of E-Commerce with developing countries </a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.ids.ac.uk/files/dmfile/PB14.pdf">E-commerce:
Accelerator of development?</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.networkworld.com/community/node/48484">Project Pitfalls: 10 Business Risks of Android Development</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.ecomm4dev.org/diecomm.htm">Analysing
e-commerce for development </a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif; font-size: 24pt;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Garamond, serif; font-size: 24pt;"><br /></span>
Blog by: Harsha Liyanage, Masum Billah and Philip Edge.<br />
<span style="font-family: Garamond, serif; font-size: 24pt;"><br /></span></div>
Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204225767712290545.post-28066562492873440752013-02-16T20:58:00.003-08:002013-03-11T12:20:17.491-07:00Unwritten challanges in Mobile-4D projects, Why?<br />
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Mobile technology for development! Yes,
we all try to taste the success of mobile: mobile applications for fund
transfers in micro-insurance, introducing smart cards for health care, mobile
apps for agricultural trading, and so on. We also note and quote the challenges
when it comes to engaging the mass participation of the intended rural
beneficiaries. We recently studied closely 10 selected projects, representing
East Africa, East Asia and South Asia, to clarify the nature of these
challenges. Our study shows that the three most common factors contributing to
tensions, and often unwritten failures, were found to be:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Tension between IT
solution providers and project owners;</span> <o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Blind spots in the
innovation process; </span><o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Failure to introduce change management models for field staff.</span> <o:p></o:p></li>
</ol>
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<br /></div>
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Let’s look at the reality of these challenges in a bit more detail.<br />
<a name='more'></a><o:p></o:p></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1. Tension between IT solution
providers and project owners.</span></h3>
<ul type="disc">
<li><span style="color: #262626;"> </span><span style="color: #262626;">Mobile 4D projects inherently
require involvement of ICT solution providers (e.g. software developers).
Communication between these partners is often fraught with difficulties:
differences in jargon, differences in understanding, and therefore misinterpretations.
More often than not the consequences of this damage the project not at the
project inception, but in the middle stages.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #262626;">One project in East
Africa developed a mobile application for agricultural trading. The mobile
solution won an international award for its uniqueness. However, two years
later, external evaluaters have reported that the intended end users -
rural farmers - are not using the product. Project managers reported a
list of complaints that are related
to software bugs, interface problems, and inappropriate back end analytics.
The software company pointed out that they delivered what was defined as
the user requirements in the original contract they entered into.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Clearly defined 'user
requirements' is a primary need for an appropriate software solution.
Software developers define software architecture, choose platforms, and
carry out coding according to the pre-identified user requirements. In
contrast, development sector organisations are not familiar with defining
these technical requirements, hence communication and understanding can fail.
Software developers, amid this ambiguity, are often working with ill-defined user
requirements, resulting in IT solutions that are often inappropriate for
the development context of poverty. </span><o:p></o:p></li>
</ul>
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<i><span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lesson to learn: Consider user
requirement definition as a critical phase of the project and carry out
iterative exercises. Or else consider <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agile_software_development"><span style="color: blue;">Agile Development</span></a> models. </span></i><o:p></o:p></div>
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<i><span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Additional
reading in </span></i><i><a href="http://www.coleyconsulting.co.uk/require.htm" style="color: blue;">user requirement definition by Coley
consulting</a><span style="color: #262626;">.</span></i><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2. Blind spots in the innovation
process </span></h3>
<ul type="disc">
<li>Innovation is an inspiring element
of mobile4D projects. Most projects demonstrate innovation in product
development, yet there are often blind-spots in <i>process</i> innovation - where the focus shifts to the delivery
chain.<span style="color: #262626;">
In one micro-finance project in East Asia, project managers designed a
mobile solution to improve the delivery efficiency. Field officers were given
the required training. But they frequently found reasons not to use the
new mobile solution. Innovation was targeted at substituting paper-based
data collection with a mobile solution. But it failed to factor in the
social and human relationships that the field worker had developed with
end users over a long period – which were predominantly the set of
parameters that balanced the equation for the successful delivery of
project tasks.</span></li>
</ul>
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<i><span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lesson
to learn: consider social innovation as an integral part of product innovation
in the ICT4D context. </span></i><o:p></o:p></div>
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<i><span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Additional
reading in</span></i><i><u><span style="color: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> Rediscovering Social Innovation at
Stanford Review</span></u></i><i><span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.</span></i>
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br /></span></div>
<h3>
<span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3. Failure to introduce change management models for field staff.</span></h3>
<ul type="disc">
<li><span style="color: #262626;"> </span><span style="color: #262626;">Development sector
field officers operate over dispersed geographies, often leaving them very
stretched. The passion to integrate with poor communities often drives
their adrenaline more than the willingness to do SMS, Tweeting and
Facebook messaging. Most of their lifelong training is aimed at motivating
poor communities through traditional models (eg. participatory
methodologies), which are phased with a slow moving local context.
Mobile4D products often fail to fit into this context, partly because the majority
of the community (those other than youth) are not ready to run with the
fast track character of the digital age. Hence the development worker
equipped with new mobile4D products finds it hard to balance this new set
of demands.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: #262626;">One project in South
Asia made an effort to introduce Smart Cards and hand held devices to
improve the efficiency of micro-insurance delivery. Field workers were
given advance training on how to handle the devices. Promotion materials
were designed to introduce the Smart Card solution to the end users - the
rural poor communities. Field workers ended up with a continuous battle of
switching between their traditional style of interaction and the new ones
dictated by the new technology. As a result the project faced endless
tensions between the project managers and field staff.</span></li>
</ul>
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<i><span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lesson
to learn: A </span></i><a href="http://www.connectingforhealth.nhs.uk/systemsandservices/icd/informspec/careerplan/phi/personal/learningweb/leadership/change"><i><span style="color: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> change management</span></i></a><i><span style="color: #262626; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> model should be introduced, and
sustained. Focus on the early adopter
community first, and display benefits through them which can then be introduced
to others.</span></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
Blog by: Harsha Liyanage, Masum Billah and Philip Edge.<br />
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Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204225767712290545.post-58321352582381003342013-01-15T10:40:00.001-08:002013-03-11T12:22:57.085-07:00Changing role of telecentres (2000 - 2012 and beyond)<br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Interacting with University students is always an opportunity to reflect and refresh. Yesterday, I had that opportunity again at <a href="http://www.ict4d.org.uk/" target="_blank">ICT4D Collective</a> of Royal Holloway, University of London. Once again it was a visiting lecture to the <a href="http://www.ict4d.org.uk/" target="_blank">postgraduate programme</a>.</span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; line-height: 18.333332061767578px;">Do telecentres have a role to play in 2013, as they did have a decade ago?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; line-height: 18.333332061767578px;" /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; line-height: 18.333332061767578px;">A deeper look into the long journey that </span><a href="http://fusion.lk/" style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; line-height: 18.333332061767578px;" target="_blank">Sarvodaya-Fusion</a><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; line-height: 18.333332061767578px;"> has traveled in Sri Lanka provides some interesting insights. These insights are enhanced by comparison with similar insights derived from my recent observations of telecentres in Rwanda.</span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<b style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; line-height: 18.333332061767578px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Rwanda and Sri Lanka, both have parallels in ICT4D</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; line-height: 18.333332061767578px;" /></span>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; line-height: 18.333332061767578px;">Governments in both countries recognize IT as a major component in their socio-economic development vision. (e.g. </span><i style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; line-height: 18.333332061767578px;">Mahinda Chintana</i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; line-height: 18.333332061767578px;"> in Sri Lanka and </span><i style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; line-height: 18.333332061767578px;">NICI III</i><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; line-height: 18.333332061767578px;"> in Rwanda). Both countries enjoyed the support of World Bank funding (eSri Lanka and eRwanda). There are over 600 telecentres in Sri Lanka, and about 140 in Rwanda (with RTN). Telecentre leaders in both countries had the support of specialized donor support programmes, such as </span><a href="http://telecentre.org/" style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; line-height: 18.333332061767578px;" target="_blank">telecentre.org</a><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; line-height: 18.333332061767578px;"> of IDRC, during 2005 - 2008. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"></span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br style="background-color: white; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; line-height: 18.333332061767578px;" /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; line-height: 18.333332061767578px;">Recent observations of the Rwanda telecentre network and subsequent discussions with telecentre leaders (e.g. Paul Barera of Rwanda) have highlighted some parallels in the journey - the telecentre evolution. The challenges these networks face and the solutions they formulate are sometimes quite close, yet are significantly influenced by the socio-economic progress made by each country.</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Telecentre evolution in the backdrop of national economic development </span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></b></div>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; line-height: 18.333332061767578px;">Over the last decade Sri Lanka has moved from a Low Income Country into a Low Middle Income Country: GDP per capita increased from US$855 to US$2835. Poverty has declined from 23% to 9%, mobile phone subscription has increased from 2 (per 100 people) to 87. On the other hand Rwanda as a country has made greater socio-economic progress over the last decade, though at a different level of overall economic status.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; line-height: 18.333332061767578px;">Evolution of the telecentre networks in this socio-economic backdrop is quite interesting and insightful. Though this comparison cannot be carried out between the two countries, this emerging insight helped me to track the evolution that has taken place in Sri Lanka. How have they moved from issues of economic sustainability to innovative adaptation to the mobile phone (especially SmartPhone) revolution taking place at a very rapid pace in Sri Lanka. And what are the innovative models emerging in the telecentre landscape, especially as social enterprises (i.e. not as donor funded projects any more) and the unique initiatives of ground level telecentre leaders. </span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; line-height: 18.333332061767578px;">The following presentation captures these insights. Please share your views, critique and comments to improve this thought process. It is a journey we all travel together!</span><br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" frameborder="0" height="356" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" mozallowfullscreen="mozallowfullscreen" scrolling="no" src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/16008634" style="border-width: 1px 1px 0; border: 1px solid #CCC; margin-bottom: 5px;" webkitallowfullscreen="webkitallowfullscreen" width="427"> </iframe> <br />
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<strong> <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/smilingharsha/telecentres-past-present-and-future-2013-jan" target="_blank" title="Telecentres past, present and future 2013 jan">Telecentres past, present and future 2013 jan</a> </strong> from <strong><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/smilingharsha" target="_blank">Harsha Liyanage</a></strong> </div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.333333015441895px; line-height: 18.333332061767578px;">I wish to thank Dorothea Kleine and ICT4D collective for giving me this opportunity to share these insights with the students.</span><br />
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<br />Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204225767712290545.post-17722557149254993792012-11-15T09:37:00.003-08:002012-11-15T09:37:35.750-08:00Android: emerging eco-system and business modelsAndroid and Smart devices are rapidly shifting the ICT4D landscape in developing countries. They influence the entire software development eco-system, while improving the potential development impact.<br />
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Latest research carried out by eNovation4D, in collaboration with Sarvodaya-Fusion has developed a unique eco-system map, that illustrates the actors / stakeholders involved in this emerging eco-system. And also it has provided new insights into the motivational factors of individual app developers who have become the critical contributors to this new emerging trend.<br />
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Lessons were contributed to the<a href="http://unctad.org/en/Pages/MeetingDetails.aspx?meetingid=110" target="_blank"> IER 2012</a> (Information Economy Report) of UNCTAD that features Software industry developments in global environment, to be launched in 28th Nov, 2012.<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" frameborder="0" height="356" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" mozallowfullscreen="mozallowfullscreen" scrolling="no" src="http://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/15194110" style="border-width: 1px 1px 0; border: 1px solid #CCC; margin-bottom: 5px;" webkitallowfullscreen="webkitallowfullscreen" width="427"> </iframe> <br />
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<strong> <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/smilingharsha/android4d-eco-system-study" target="_blank" title="Android4D eco system study">Android4D eco system study</a> </strong> from <strong><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/smilingharsha" target="_blank">Harsha Liyanage</a></strong> </div>
Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204225767712290545.post-72527743539567257332012-09-15T09:38:00.000-07:002012-11-15T09:42:06.442-08:00Android - SmartPhones + Social media for Bottom of the PyramidCan smart devices be introduced as community owned shared devices?<br />
How would different age groups respond to smart phones?<br />
How would they trigger rural community participation with social media?<br />
Can they scale up the rural micro-enterprises?<br />
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A ground breaking SmartVillage project of Sarvodaya-Fusion has started providing encouraging answers to these questions. Started in early 2011, project has pilot tested introducing Android SmartPhones to seven rural communities in Sri Lanka. Among the highlights:<br />
<ul>
<li>Verity of shared ownership models are emerging, among them random ownership by youth circles stands out.</li>
<li>Android apps are being picked up by school children to supplement their educational activities</li>
<li>Youth circles started using Local language Blogging as a new mode of expression of their views</li>
<li>Facebook pages generated via Smartphones could scale up micro-enterprises, that have been starving to connect with up-markets. </li>
</ul>
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For more details of the project - visit the <a href="http://fusionsmartvillage.blogspot.co.uk/" target="_blank">SmartVillage blog</a>.</div>
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SmartVillage project is implimented by Sarvodaya-Fusion with sponsorship from Tag-ID, UK and Google. </div>
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eNovation4D provides expert contributions in the areas of social media and social innovation. </div>
Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204225767712290545.post-72731523565877138672012-03-10T12:02:00.003-08:002012-06-10T17:02:48.896-07:00Innovation for sustainability (Telecentres and mobile phones 4D)Date - 11 Dec, 2011 (a chilly bright wintry day)<br />
Venue - University of Cambridge<br />
I was excited and honored to be<a href="http://cambridgehub.org/xwiki/bin/view/Cambridge+Hub/International+Development+Course"> invited</a> to the Cambridge Hub. And that provided the platform to present our working hypothesis:<br />
<b>Innovation for Sustainable Development = Product + Social Impact + Community Acceptance</b><br />
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We (together with Sarvodaya-Fusion team) have spent a substantial time period to define this hypothesis. Reflecting from Fusion experience, the journey had started with the burning desire to become independent of philanthropic donor funding. As noted with many charities in the world, continuous over dependence on donor funding distracts the activist from core social mission, hence challenge the sustainability of the development engagement.<br />
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Fusion Education: ICT education service offered via rural telecentres has been the Social innovation of this effort. <i> 'When 100s of rural students started to sign up for Fusion Education via over 50 rural telecentres, thank god we have reached the community acceptance'</i>: that is how Fusion team reflect on it. <br />
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Yet, how do you know you are making the right kind of Social impact? The Social impact assessment framework helped to answer the question. Presentation has captured the evidence of this journey, and the subsequent efforts to replicate the lessons in mobile for development sector.<br />
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<div id="__ss_11953340" style="width: 425px;">
<strong style="display: block; margin: 12px 0 4px;"><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/smilingharsha/innovation-sustainability" title="Innovation & sustainability">Innovation & sustainability</a></strong><object height="355" id="__sse11953340" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=innovationsustainability-120310134224-phpapp02&stripped_title=innovation-sustainability&userName=smilingharsha" />
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View more <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/">presentations</a> from <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/smilingharsha">Harsha Liyanage</a>.</div>
</div>Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204225767712290545.post-62299727990263963492011-05-15T02:52:00.000-07:002011-05-31T02:20:36.374-07:00Telecenters - in search of economic sustainability<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD1fwlbyUP9DpW85I_SJ2ahpzZ1ZAkpXO4n4RSVu_UhGZ8h3tExl3NpHXGtEx7QPaySc50zRB2Du4xpqsEkZib-_vjkgDR54iHvlqE-VtAEPAU25m-w1fW8LOSI1CBXxyYCktZfT-JVnc/s1600/sustainability+first+first+page.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD1fwlbyUP9DpW85I_SJ2ahpzZ1ZAkpXO4n4RSVu_UhGZ8h3tExl3NpHXGtEx7QPaySc50zRB2Du4xpqsEkZib-_vjkgDR54iHvlqE-VtAEPAU25m-w1fW8LOSI1CBXxyYCktZfT-JVnc/s320/sustainability+first+first+page.jpg" width="244" /></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Are telecentres economically sustainable? The five telecentre networks of Brazil, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka have seen great vibrancy and maturity over the last five years and were the subject of a two year long examination to answer the two core questions posed:</span></span><br />
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<ul style="border-collapse: collapse;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What are the constraints for their sustainability?</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">How do champions overcome these constraints?</span></li>
</ul><div style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The book - 'Sustainability First' illustrates the answers to the above two questions in detail.</span></div><div style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #500050;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #500050;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.bookrix.com/_title-en-harsha-liyanage-ph-d-sustainability-first">Sustainability First</a> – is a FREE online book for people interested in the economic sustainability of telecentres. (<a href="http://www.bookrix.com/_title-en-harsha-liyanage-ph-d-sustainability-first">Download</a> or <a href="http://www.bookrix.com/_title-en-harsha-liyanage-ph-d-sustainability-first">Read</a> online)</span></span></span></div><div style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #500050;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
</span></span></span></div><div class="im" original_target="http://telecentre.org"><div style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;"><div style="border-collapse: collapse;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Research was sponsored by <a href="http://telecentre.org/" saprocessedanchor="true" target="_blank">telecentre.org</a> of IDRC<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #500050;">.</span></span></div><div style="border-collapse: collapse;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #500050;"><br />
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</span></span></div></div></div>Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204225767712290545.post-67339904591564941302011-03-27T15:57:00.001-07:002011-05-15T02:54:08.533-07:00Impact of Technology at Bottom of the Pyramid<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><br />
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<div id="__ss_5993993" style="width: 425px;"><object height="355" id="__sse5993993" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=wwrflondonharshaliyanage-12912102744619-phpapp02&stripped_title=wwrf-london-harsha-liyanage&userName=smilingharsha" /><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"/><param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"/><embed name="__sse5993993" src="http://static.slidesharecdn.com/swf/ssplayer2.swf?doc=wwrflondonharshaliyanage-12912102744619-phpapp02&stripped_title=wwrf-london-harsha-liyanage&userName=smilingharsha" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="355"></embed></object><br />
<div style="padding: 5px 0 12px;">View more <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/">presentations</a> from <a href="http://www.slideshare.net/smilingharsha">Harsha Liyanage</a>.<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The presentation by Harsha Liyanage of eNovation, as an invited speaker at <a href="http://www.wireless-world-research.org/index.php?id=410">Wireless World Research Forum</a>, (16-18th Nov, 2010 at London), organised by University of Kingston, captures the lessons learned from Social Impact assessment activities carried out in Sri Lanka, under Sarvodaya-Fusion. eNovation suggests the wider applicability of this knowledge at technology innovation for Bottom of the Pyramid initiatives.</span></div></div></div>Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204225767712290545.post-66366436826032192612011-03-01T10:06:00.000-08:002011-03-01T10:06:26.189-08:00Role of telecentres in the iPad age?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">In principle telecentres were designed having PC and internet at the heart of it. It was 1990s to early 2000s, an era where mobile phones were a luxury item and PC based internet was defining the digital world. .<br />
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Now 2011~<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;"><li>mobile phone ubiquity at bottom of the pyramid</li>
<li>WiFi, WiMax, mobile broad-band define internet access</li>
<li>iPad is challenging the survival of PCs</li>
<li>digital devices are smart enough to bypass barriers of literacy and education</li>
</ul><br />
Are we supporting the digital divide, by promoting telecentres? </div>Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204225767712290545.post-88571344826701512792010-12-24T04:29:00.000-08:002010-12-24T04:32:57.890-08:00Telecentres are dead?This question was echoed in the corridors at University of London, during <a href="http://www.ictd2010.org/">ICTD2010</a> (Dec. 2010).<br />
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Why?<br />
<br />
<ul><li>None of the 55 research papers affiliated with telecentres. (though one captured Kiosk Operator)</li>
<li>None of the 20+ workshops affiliated with telecentres </li>
<li>Progressive <a href="http://www.ictd2010.org/?page_id=93">domain themes</a> did include PC, mobile, video, radio, network etc. but not telecentres. </li>
<li>There were several telecentre activists representing Africa, Middle East & South Asia, but none had a dedicated telecentre platform to share their voice and telecentre sector experience . </li>
<li>Donors (IDRC, SDC, Microsoft etc.) who used to amplify the telecentre voices were not keen to take up telecentre topic, instead they were busy with emerging new topics.</li>
</ul><div>Does this mean telecentres are dead? Probably sector is moving forward, and looking beyond (as one and only telecentre affiliated paper titled): Looking Beyond 'Information Provision': The Importance of Being a Kiosk Operator in the Sustainable Access in Rural India by Janaki Srinivasan (see my next blog for Sri Lanka experience).</div>Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204225767712290545.post-92048046960023758262010-12-18T02:27:00.000-08:002011-03-01T08:06:10.689-08:00Do you need to be an expert to assess impact?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 9.0pt; mso-outline-level: 3;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #050506; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">What should be the role of rural farmers in assessing impact in rural development interventions? Stephen Rudgard of FAO asked the question of Harsha Liyanage, who was an invited panellist at the e-Agriculture session during ICTD2010, London (17th Dec.).</span></div><span style="color: #050506; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <br />
Harsha’s answer in summary:<br />
• Typical rural farmer operates inside the context of poverty <br />
• Impact for him is better price, low cost (from the value chain perspective)<br />
• Assessing impact in rural development interventions needs to: quantify the impact but also illustrate the 'complexity and diversity' of that impact – impact will be made up of more components than just quantitative parts of the value chain<br />
• This approach needs on one hand ‘participation’ of the farmer; on the other hand ‘rigour’ and ‘accountability’ in the assessment<br />
• This therefore should take a participatory<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>approach – it involves the farmer, but also researchers and intermediaries. All knowledge and perspectives are important in producing an assessment that accounts for the many aspects of impact in a real situation<br />
• Rural farmer can be a participant during planning process, and during data gathering and analysis. <br />
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Very important to understand, through his contribution, the micro-environment of the farmer. Then impact can be understood as a journey travelled through a period of time and through changes that have been identified in advance as part of the journey. You can uncover the journey in this way and measure impact through it. So change seen from the farmer’s perspective must be a part of the whole picture of impact.</span><br />
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Read more>> at <a href="http://www.e-agriculture.org/news/e-agriculture-perspectives-ictd-2010-london-week">e-Agriculture perspectives by FAO</a></div>Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204225767712290545.post-83089243697099314072010-10-07T06:22:00.000-07:002011-05-15T02:54:59.708-07:00Impact of ICT for Development? What is it?<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 20px;">What are the social, economic, and political impacts of public access to ICT?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 20px;">What is the magnitude of these impacts and how can we measure them?</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 20px;">What is the relationship between costs and benefits of providing and using public access to ICT?</span><br />
<ul style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #555555; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"></ul><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 20px;">These are the major questions being investigated by the <a href="http://www.globalimpactstudy.org/about/"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Global Impact Study</span></a>, implemented by the </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 21px;">University of Washington. </span></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px;">In this broader context, we (eNovation) investigate the development journey at individual and community level, through the research carried out at Fusion, Sri Lanka. While many researchers try to understand why customers visit telecentres, we tried to understand what they gain by visiting on a regular basis.</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px;"><br />
</span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px;">'e-empowerment is a journey that the beneficiary (individual or a community) may travel through – commencing with first time exposure to ICTs, and consequently becoming a qualified user able to apply ICTs with confidence. The journey happens through progressive stages. Those stages (indicators) are not essentially sequential;</span><br />
<ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #555555;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Exposure</span> - first time exposure to computers, and familiarization with ICTs (seeing & touching)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #555555;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Motivation</span> - generate interest to learn, interact and develop ICT skills</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #555555;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Skill development </span>- with the assistance of trained staff, develop computer skills</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #555555;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Self learning</span> - further self learning without assistance (or with limited assistance)</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #555555;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Exploration</span> - exploring beyond basic computer skills to internet, email, web development, data base development, social networking, teaching others and so on.</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #555555;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Application</span> - systematic application of computers/ internet for self or others benefit (teaching, data base development for village work, volunteering).</span></span></li>
<li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #555555;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: black;">Qualifications</span> - sit for standard exams, acquiring certificates.</span></span></li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWjltLm-JEGYyVaWFA9i2-0tS2T1gKm5HlqUiJK0pUfU80bHP4MVyM2NMHwghWRo7FokKK1UDYUzjGZLc7GfAqZ4EwR7uMhOAvothDBcobVH-DXh0Vl9xcLhjN65lXKJmpAhHEWlo_F7w/s1600/eNovation+blog+-+image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWjltLm-JEGYyVaWFA9i2-0tS2T1gKm5HlqUiJK0pUfU80bHP4MVyM2NMHwghWRo7FokKK1UDYUzjGZLc7GfAqZ4EwR7uMhOAvothDBcobVH-DXh0Vl9xcLhjN65lXKJmpAhHEWlo_F7w/s400/eNovation+blog+-+image.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #555555; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px;">Read more>> Theory of Change, <a href="http://www.fusion.lk/?p=38">Social impact assessment</a> by Sarvodaya-Fusion</span><br />
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</span>Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204225767712290545.post-75933797524248182182010-09-28T01:29:00.000-07:002010-12-18T03:25:41.301-08:00Innovation @ ICT for development sector? What does that really mean?The ICT sector is moving fast, from ‘incremental innovation’ that involves gradual step by step innovation to ‘radical innovation’ that change the whole ecosystem radically and rapidly. <br />
Unlike other development sectors (human rights, poverty alleviation etc.) ICT4D demands continuous innovation.<br />
The technologies adapted in the sector are originally designed (mostly) for Western markets. Thus innovation is required to tweak and package them to match the developing country context where illiteracy, poverty and poor infrastructure dictate the terms.<br />
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Tweaking? Packaging? Well, the following example will show how. <br />
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Project Name: Agri-clinics (implemented in Sri Lanka, 2005-2006)<br />
Problem answered: Transferring Pest & Disease knowledge to rural farmers, using ICTs.<br />
Where did innovation apply?<br />
1.Define the information access models between state run research institutions and NGOs<br />
2. Design Information Processing Unit to translate the jargon-heavy research knowledge into jargon free simple language<br />
3. Develop information delivery mechanisms via telecentres.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWXDm38dtGCIxdIRUylJrZj4OmnJC5SuCfw6wZ17NbYjgegH8-HIafyGyWMLD9ZRahmTAS6v5KN9w4Kw4_Jwdr0QeOFaDK7-KKdnM4Nftia8zlLmKs4syBbllH0OSlsCvfGbRL9204oFA/s1600/Slide2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWXDm38dtGCIxdIRUylJrZj4OmnJC5SuCfw6wZ17NbYjgegH8-HIafyGyWMLD9ZRahmTAS6v5KN9w4Kw4_Jwdr0QeOFaDK7-KKdnM4Nftia8zlLmKs4syBbllH0OSlsCvfGbRL9204oFA/s400/Slide2.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Read the complete article @ <a href="http://www.i4donline.net/articles/current-article.asp?Title=An-Option-to-Sustain-NGOs-in-ICT4D-Sector-Sarvodaya-Fusion,Sri-Lanka&articleid=2359&typ=Features">i4D online version</a> or <a href="http://issuu.com/i4d_magazine/docs/i4d_jan-mar2010_eagriculture">i4D special issue on eAgriculture</a> by FAO. </div>Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204225767712290545.post-41485878511065968642010-09-25T09:27:00.000-07:002010-12-18T03:33:13.999-08:00How can we scale up Pilot projects to Sustainable projects?<div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Never ending pilots? Are you trapped in the common syndrome? </span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">The following 5 steps have worked!</span><span style="font-size: small;"> This may be a worthwhile insight for you, too.</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">1. Start - as a donor funded pilot project</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="color: #999999;"><span style="color: #444444;"><span style="color: #666666;"> Donor funded projects are valuable seed investments. Use them effectively, with passion and dedication. But seek sustainability (beyond the project cycle) from day one</span>.</span> <span style="color: #666666;">eg. A telecentre project funded by Microsoft-Unlimited Potential, to set up 12 telecentres in rural Sri Lanka, and train 257 students providing scholarships (2004 - 2007)</span></span> </span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">2. Extract - the scalable project elements</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="color: #999999;"> <span style="color: #666666;">Towards the mid-project cycle, observe the successful elements of the project. What element of the project attracts the best attention of the target community?</span> eg. A feasibility study reveals high response from the community for ICT education. That has been extracted for the redesign (2006 - 2007).</span></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">3. Redesign them as marketable products and services</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="color: #999999;"> <span style="color: #666666;">Extract the successful elements out of the project context and redesign them as a seperate product or service. Make them less dependant on the overall project. Repackage them to stand alone.</span> eg. ICT training modules have been redesigned, content improved, national ICT education standards have been adopted (2007 - 2008)</span></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">4. Prototype marketing </span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="color: #999999;"> <span style="color: #666666;">Introduce the product into a pilot market (eg a small segment of the same community) as a fee based service (not free). Educate them as to why charging a fee is required. (They listen). Inform them about your philosophy of social enterprising. (They appreciate it). </span>eg. Pilot marketing of the prototype product as ICT Education services (2008 - 2009).</span></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">5. Re-brand and launch </span><span style="font-size: small;">the product </span><span style="font-size: small;">on a national scale</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="color: #999999;"> <span style="color: #666666;">Brand the product as an attractive, value-added product, that may convince the target community (the very same community) to recognise it as a unique product that serves their needs, and worth paying a small fee to buy. </span>eg. The product has been re-branded and launched as Fusion-Education (2010).</span></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br style="font-family: inherit;" /></span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Read about the initial project <a href="http://www.fusion.lk/?p=69">here</a>, and the latest social enterprise <a href="http://education.fusion.lk/product_services/product_services.php">here</a>.</span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div>Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204225767712290545.post-73891955276266095092010-09-24T04:23:00.000-07:002012-05-18T03:15:28.893-07:00Sarvodaya-Fusion; the inspiration for eNovation4D<div style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiosexj2cnjac8f_RhOSdEsKQFoR_xi7I3J5GiKwwAVxxTQhf8kj8L6mqpM9IFSitb13KoV1OPwrJtRdVUCqriEtwk8FR6VZ6QcWb1ENcNG1usvO6BkLnTgeaEron3X-94cy_h2tv6YhGk/s1600/fusion+logo%5B1%5D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="80" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiosexj2cnjac8f_RhOSdEsKQFoR_xi7I3J5GiKwwAVxxTQhf8kj8L6mqpM9IFSitb13KoV1OPwrJtRdVUCqriEtwk8FR6VZ6QcWb1ENcNG1usvO6BkLnTgeaEron3X-94cy_h2tv6YhGk/s200/fusion+logo%5B1%5D.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Our inspiration derives from </span><a href="http://www.fusion.lk/" style="font-family: arial;"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">S</span></a><a href="http://www.fusion.lk/"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_0">arvodaya</span>-Fusion</span></a><span style="text-decoration: underline;">, </span></span>the leading <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_1">ICT</span> for Development charity in <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_2">Sri</span> <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_3">Lanka</span>. Dr. <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_4">Harsha</span> <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_5">Liyanage</span> (principal consultant of <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_6">eNovation</span>) has founded Fusion, as a specialised arm of <a href="http://www.sarvodaya.org/"><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_7">Sarvodaya</span></a>, the 50 year old world renowned leading charity of <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_8">Sri</span> <span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_9">Lanka</span>.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVNtRomN9v8KpTcJfgj55BXkDOxYJL8XbaoQOPPr1DuE8wrdx0BibIfv6eKIXQ_vexeo6BniHnP9qRugXQFBX6vjMaIpIk5gqwXE6VJy64Y5BDKA1eSMxt2b7dwjLRCcD0NEqe5wsVTfY/s1600/sarvodaya%5B1%5D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="48" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVNtRomN9v8KpTcJfgj55BXkDOxYJL8XbaoQOPPr1DuE8wrdx0BibIfv6eKIXQ_vexeo6BniHnP9qRugXQFBX6vjMaIpIk5gqwXE6VJy64Y5BDKA1eSMxt2b7dwjLRCcD0NEqe5wsVTfY/s200/sarvodaya%5B1%5D.jpg" width="200" /></a><br />
Key lessons learned from Fusion includes:<br />
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<ul style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiosexj2cnjac8f_RhOSdEsKQFoR_xi7I3J5GiKwwAVxxTQhf8kj8L6mqpM9IFSitb13KoV1OPwrJtRdVUCqriEtwk8FR6VZ6QcWb1ENcNG1usvO6BkLnTgeaEron3X-94cy_h2tv6YhGk/s1600/fusion+logo%5B1%5D.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a>
<li><span style="font-size: 100%;">how to setup an economically sustainable social-enterprise operation, in a donor dependant larger development context,</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 100%;">how to introduce </span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_10" style="font-size: 100%;">ICTs</span><span style="font-size: 100%;"> as socially responsible, economically sound, scalable operations,</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 100%;">how to integrate Information Technology and Mobile phone technology to traditional, main stream development (agriculture, micro-finance, poverty </span><span class="blsp-spelling-corrected" id="SPELLING_ERROR_11" style="font-size: 100%;">alleviation</span><span style="font-size: 100%;"> etc),</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 100%;">how to nurture multi-stakeholder (corporate, state and </span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_12" style="font-size: 100%;">NGO</span><span style="font-size: 100%;">) partnerships towards project scalability and sustainability.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 100%;">how to ensure healthy social impact.</span></li>
</ul>
<span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_13" style="font-family: arial; font-size: 100%;">eNovation4D</span><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> continues to work in partnership with </span></span><span class="blsp-spelling-error" id="SPELLING_ERROR_14" style="font-family: arial; font-size: 100%;">Sarvodaya</span><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-family: arial;">-Fusion in this mutually nurturing journey.</span><br />
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</span>Harsha Liyanage, Principal Consultanthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00589973406827772074noreply@blogger.com0